Literary Analysis of American Literature Essay Example for Free

Literary Analysis of American Literature Essay As Elinor Ostrom explains, To a great degree, his stories speak for those who are disenfranchised, cheated, abused, or ignored because of race or class. Hughess stories speak of the downtrodden African-Americans neglected and overlooked by a prejudiced society. The recurring theme of powerlessness is exemplified in his narration â€Å"Let America Be America again†, â€Å"Harlem† and â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers†. Hughes uses rhyme to draw attention to the poetic element of his narration â€Å"Let America Be America Again†. Words such as â€Å"be† and â€Å"free†, â€Å"dreamed and â€Å"schemed†, â€Å"wreathe† and â€Å"breathe† etc. all demonstrate rhyming. The central theme is that the author feels left out of the American Dream. Hughes is writing a poem of someone who feels that America is a land that lives up to begin to add up to that. The tone is angry and resentful. In this poem he is not representing the point of view of one particular group. Hughes conveys that there are many people who’ve come here with hopes and dreams and they’re being let down. He’s also saying that there is an economic disparity between people. In essence the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer, because there is no equal opportunity. That idea is something that is not real for many people because of their race, economic situation, and come up. The reader is immediately introduced to the fact that the author does not believe that America is all it can be due to the fact that the word again is used. He wants America to be â€Å"the dream it used to be. † But the powerful line is #5 which reads â€Å"America was never America. † This enhances what many people feel, that Americas ideals of equality, liberty, and land of the free don’t seem real. In a sense there is a positive tone because there is a hope that America can be a â€Å"great strong land of love,† O, let my land be a land where liberty Is crowned with no false patriotic wreath, But opportunity is real, and life is free, Equality is in the air we breathe. Liberty, which is another word for freedom is important in the dream America holds so preciously. The central message here is one of greed. Money is at the center of what America has become. Hughes feels that â€Å"power, gain† and owning property is the focus. It’s all about money. He says in line #32 to what America has become in his views. â€Å"Of owning everything for one’s own greed! † At the later stage of the poem, Hughes is coming back and saying sarcastically that he wouldn’t say there is freedom. He is speaking for the â€Å"millions† of people who have been struggling, hoping, working, flying flags, â€Å"who have nothing† except for dreams that are â€Å"almost dead. † â€Å"Harlem† by Langston Hughes is a poem that talks about what happens when we postpone our dreams. The poem is made up of a series of similes and it ends with a metaphor. The objective of the poem is to get us to think about what happens to a dream that is put off, postponed; what happens when we create our very own shelve of dreams? The â€Å"dream† refers to a goal in life, not the dreams we have while sleeping, but our deepest desires. There are many ways to understand this poem; it varies from person to person. Someone like me may see this poem as talking about just dreams in general. Others may see it as African-American’s dreams. Although the meter of Harlem varies, the poem has a rhythmic, lyrical quality achieved through alliteration, rhyme, repetition of certain words, and carefully placed stressed syllables. People need to think twice before deferring their dreams. Langston Hughes says it best in his poem Harlem asking the question. What happens to a dream deferred Langston Hughes describes the outcome of the question as an altogether bad idea, saying that deferring your dream is â€Å"fester like a sore† or â€Å"it stinks like rotten meat†. By using imagery, he wants the reader to know what it is like to defer a dream and how bad it is. The first image in the poem proposes that the dream dries up like a raisin. This simile likens the original dream to a grape, which is round, juicy, green and fresh. Once the dream has lain neglected for too long, it dries up. Where the raisin image invokes the senses of taste and sight, the simile of the sore conveys a sense of touch and bodily impact. By comparing the dream to a sore on the body, Hughes suggests that unfulfilled dreams become part of us, like scars. In Langston Hughes poem The Negro Speaks of Rivers, Hughes makes use of some interesting poetic techniques. This poem is written in free verse, at first glance, seems to be unstructured. Hughes repeats words and lines, but does not make use of repeated sounds. Finally, some of his word choices near the end of the poem help to bring the message of the poem across more strongly. These poetic techniques contribute greatly to the quality of the poem. The textual details of the poem invoke strong imagery related to veins, rivers, and the roots of trees and give the reader a sense of the timelessness of these objects. In the short first stanza, the speaker in the poem by Langston Hughes states that he has â€Å"known rivers ancient as the world and older than the flow of human blood in human veins. † From this early point in the point in the poem, images of the canals of veins that run throughout the human body as well as similar images of rivers that wind around and are shaped like veins form our understanding that this poem is about more than blood or water, it is about roots and circuits. He has a very deep meaning about how people feel by debating that his soul is so much stubborn now at this point that no external source could change it. Hughes poems illustrate many of the problems that African Americans faced during the depression era, ranging from prejudice and discrete racism to a general air of hopelessness and despair. His poetry basically develops the idea of celebrating and idealizing the Negro life in America. He is not much like the other poets who just uses a single voice/entity, instead has a tendency to express the visualizations through a number of voices making it more realistic. His expression consists of renunciation and feelings of personal cruelty.

History of Computer Animation :: Computers Animation Essays

History of Computer Animation To look at him, you would not think that Phil Tippett is the creator of some of the most horrific and terrifying monsters ever witnessed by the human race. A quite normal-looking man of average height, with thinning grey hair, he has been at the forefront of movie animation for almost three decades. Phil Tippett is one of the greatest animators of all time, starting off with the age-old techniques of stop-motion and then moving on to the technical computer generated wizardry of today. I chose to write about him because I greatly admire the work he had done in the industry and he has witnessed first hand the technological advances that have occurred during the course of his career. I am also interested in him because as well as being involved in the field of cgi special effects (a career which I also wish to pursue), he was also closely involved in the ground-breaking (for the time) special effects and animation in the Star Wars Trilogy, which happens to be another love of mine. Born in 1951 in Illinois, Tippett has had a lifelong fascination with the art of animation. During his childhood he was fascinated by films such as King Kong and Jason and the Argonauts. He was fascinated by the surreal images in these movies and wanted to know how they were achieved. He went to his local library to research the subject and discovered the principles of stop motion. One of his favourite childhood hobbies was to make stop motion films with his father’s old movie camera. Tippett had been a lifelong devotee of stop motion as practiced by masters like Willis O’Brien in King Kong (1933) and Ray Harryhausen in The 7th Voyage of Sinbad (1958) and Jason and the Argonauts (1963). Stop motion was, and still is an intricate, painstaking art in which animators pose and photograph miniature figures frame by frame. He wasn’t alone. â€Å"Just about every top animator or effects man today has favorite Harryhausen figurines, such as the part-rhino, part-centaur Cyclops, the serpent woman, and the two-headed Roc bird from Sinbad; or, from Jason, the harpies that are a cross between gargoyles and pterodactyls, and the seven-headed Hydra and its spawn† (ILM). In traditional stop motion (still practiced by Henry Selick in marvels like The Nightmare Before Christmas and James and the Giant Peach), the camera records a series of subtly different poses rather than actual shifting, so the resulting flow of images is inherently surreal -- ultra-sharp and jerky.

Enduring Value †Othello Essay

Shakespeare’s masterpiece Othello has remained relevant beyond its original context not merely because of its universal themes of love and betrayal, but rather, due to its textual integrity, and the enduring value which is enhanced through the exploration of such issues, as marginalisation and the psychology of villainy. Shakespeare’s portrayal of Othello as being an outsider, and being â€Å"othered† by the Venetian society due to his different race, reflects traditional Elizabethan values and ethics regarding racial prejudice and inequality. These recurring issues, of social intolerance and racial bias are prevalent concerns in our modern society. Shakespeare’s expresses the nature of villainy through his antagonist, Iago, as he explores issues of betrayal and deceit. These issues, revolving around Othello’s passion, struggle and vulnerability, as an outsider, are representative of the human condition, hence making it pivotal, of why â€Å"Othell o† has remained relevant in a different context. Shakespeare positions us to view the marginalisation and dehumanisation of Othello, from various perspectives, initially through physical features, the notion of racial contempt is conveyed via Rodrigo’s, â€Å"Thick Lips†, Iago’s â€Å"Old Black Ram†, and Brabantio’s â€Å"fall in love with what she fear’d to look on†. This vilification, based on physical appearance reinforces traditional Elizabethan views, and to an extent, views held by groups in society today. Though, Othello’s physical appearance was just one factor. Othello was named â€Å"devil† by Iago, from a spiritual perspective, stereotyping those of African descent who were associated with witchcraft, this metaphor reinforces stereotypical racism, causing the reader to question, what has initiated such hatred from Iago to Othello, this allows the reader to a connect on an emotional level with Othello, as it generates empathy. Furthermore the readers perspecti ve of Othello is conflicted due to other members of Venetian society, â€Å"your son in law is far more fair than black†, this binary opposition from the Duke, contrasts between black and white, and their symbolic values. Othello’s â€Å"blackness† is associated with impurity and inhuman values, exemplified via â€Å"making the beast with two backs†, dehumanising Othello, and reinforcing how the Venetian society has ostracised him. Ostracism, based on spiritual backgrounds and physical appearance, is common even in a modern context, as bullying and racism is a common flaw in our society. Though, it is through these experiences, the reader can further empathise and have a better understanding of Othello’s character, and his emotions. Shakespeare also challenges us to consider Othello’s cultural background, through his foreign and exotic tales that Othello retells to members of Venetian society, this is exemplified through, â€Å"Tis true, there’s magic in the web of it†, this is not merely foreign to the Venetians, who were predominantly Religious Christians and did not believe in such black magic and witchcraft, but this was also seen as a waste of time , and an insignificant matter, as Desdemona instantly replies with, â€Å"I pray, talk me of Cassio†, followed by, â€Å"You’ll never meet a more sufficient man†. This repetition is implied to reinforce Desdemona’s lack of knowledge, as this is clearly making Othello enraged, but furthermore it expresses the carefree and uninterested approach Desdemona is taking in regards to Othello’s spiritual story of how he gained that handkerchief. Shakespeare, though, gives Othello a significantly high role in their Venetian society, positioning him as a General in the army, though Othello is granted a superior position, he would still be in a lower hierarchy, as the Venetian society could not overlook his outer â€Å"blackness†, reinforced through â€Å"you’ll have your nephew neigh to you†, this animalistic and sexual imagery, conveys to the reader, no matter how successful Othello becomes, the Venetian society will always regard him as less of a human. This dehumanisation is mainly the cause of the opportunistic antagonist, Iago. Shakespeare positions us to view Iago as a Machiavellian character, conveyed through the recurring issue of betrayal as Othello is blinded by his â€Å"loyalty†, this is exemplified through â€Å"A man he is of honesty and trust†, stated by Othello as he willingly accepts Iago. Shakespeare’s characterisation of Iago advances the readers hatred towards the cunning villain, as his soliloquies emphasise his devious nature, â€Å"the moor is of a free and open nature†¦ and will as tenderly be led by the nose as asses are† this animalistic imagery communicates Iago’s lack of respect towards Othello, reflecting the nature of evil. This concept of the nature of evil is explored by F.R Leavis as he describes Othello as â€Å"overly aware of his nobility†, expressing Leavis’ distaste towards Othello. Furthermore, the motivation behind Iago’s evil is unknown, though Shakespeare positions us to see Iago as an opportunist through, â€Å"it is the green eyed monster which doth mock†, personifying jealousy to manipulate the emotions of the gullible Othello. Overall, Shakespeare’s deeply enthralling text â€Å"Othello†, has remained relevant beyond its original context, to suit a more modern audience, due to the text’s enduring values and textual integrity, enhanced through the common issue of marginalisation which is evident in both Elizabethan and 21st Century context.

Methodology of the Offshore Sector in Mauritius - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1825 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? This section comprises of the data sources, the specific variables used and the statistical tools for analysis. The following shows the broken down into sub-sections of the analysis carried out in the process of evaluating the offshore sector of Mauritius: Econometric analysis: Evaluating the significance of tax incentives in attracting FDI and PINV through Mauritius offshore sector. Double treaty taxation (DTT) and Mauritius Types of companies operating in the offshore sector of Mauritius Comparison with other offshore jurisdictions Contribution of the offshore sector in the local economy DTT and relationship between India and Mauritius Evaluation of the current situation Proposed solutions Evaluation of the proposed solutions Case study Vodafone Indian Premier League (IPL) Future prospects: Mauritius offers gateway to Africa Asia Trade To facilitate the description of the methodology used, we will separate the explanation used for the econometric analysis from the rest of the analysis. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Methodology of the Offshore Sector in Mauritius" essay for you Create order 3.2 Methodology of Econometric Analysis: 3.2.1 Data Collection The quantitative data employed were obtained from the annual reports of the world regulatory bodies, namely World Economic Outlook from the International Monetary Fund and World Development Indicators from the World Bank. Both institutions are functioning to promote international monetary collaboration, safe financial stability and encouraging the vision of ongoing globalization. Further data used were extracted from the Mauritius Revenue Authority and Central Statistics Office. The vital aspects of those data sources are reliability and quality. The time frame used has been assembled from 1981 to 2007 due to availability of the data. All data utilized were used annually. 3.2.2 Theoretical justification for the use of selected variables: In order to run the right methodology, the choice of the appropriate variables is imperative. The variables are identified as follows; The concepts of FDI and PINV have already been discussed in the literature review. The definitions of the tax incentives given below are largely inspired by the income tax act 1995. Reduced Corporate Income Tax (CIT) This type of incentive is quite simple to administer. To be able to attract investment in some specific regions and sections, the government generally amends the legislation and offers a lower CIT rate as an exception to the general tax regime. This implies that the firms will be able to keep a higher percentage of their profit. Theory suggests that there is a negative relationship between investment and after tax return cost of capital. Investment allowance These are deductions from taxable income based on some percentage of a new investment. Such allowances are attractive in the sense that they tend to lower the effe ctive price of acquiring capital. Investment tends to move in the same direction as investment allowances. Inflation One key variable in determining the investment is the inflationary rate. Inflation ambiguity in the host nation is damagingly linked with capital inflows. A high rate of inflation has a tendency to illustrate a rise in risk, indicating inner economic unsteadiness. Openness This variable plays an important key role in the contribution of capital inflows and acts as an approximate for volatility as well as an engine for growth. It permits transfer of capital, knowledge and enhancing better competition. A greater degree of openness tends to improve the investment movement. Market size Emerging countries per capita income growth rates are generally high, and they are frequently expected to keep on growing. This encourages market seeking investors. Gross domestic product will be used as a proxy for market size. GDP growth tends to have an optimistic influ ence on inflows mainly based on effective resource management and successful use of economies of scale. Worldwide Growth Worldwide growth entails the overall performance of developed, developing and under-developed countries across the globe. The worldwide growth indicator used is the global GDP. The investment profile of the host country is greatly influenced by the foreign investors financial health. It should be noted that other variables such as Literacy, Labour Force, International Tourism Receipt, Manufacturing value added (as a % of growth) and ICT goods exports (as a % of total exports) were initially computed in the regression but were removed when they were found very insignificant to attract FDI or PINV. Moreover, the Double taxation Treaty has not been used in this econometric model and will be evaluated separately in more depth as the econometric model is analysing the FDI and private investment of Mauritius as a whole (all countries altogether, not individu ally) to have a broad overview of the incentives affecting investment of Mauritius. 3.2.3 Model Specification In order to consider the impact of the diverse variables on different capital inflows, the following models are developed. The models are tailored to the Mauritian economy. Our first model will be based on FDI, which is the most important investment inflow in Mauritius. FDI= ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²0+ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²1 FDI t-1 + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²2 CIT + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²3 InvAll +ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²4 INFL + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²5 OPEN+ ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²6 GDPt+ ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²7 WldGth +u t Where, FDI = Foreign direct investment inflows (percentage of GDP) FDI t-1 = Past foreign direct investment inflows (percentage of GDP) CIT = Corporate Income Tax InvAll = Investment Allowance INFL = Inflation rate GDPt = Gross Domestic Product growth rate operates as a proxy for market size. OPEN = Openness, defined as the sum of imports and exports divided by GDP WldGth = Worldwide Growth rate Ut = Random error term Another model is designed in order to demonstrate the extent to which tax incentives affect PINV. PINV = ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²0+ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²1 PINVt-1 + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²2 CIT + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²3 InvAll +ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²4 INFL +ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²5 OPEN+ ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²6GDPt+ ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²7 WldGth +u t Where, PINV = Private investment [Private Gross Domestic Fixed Capital Formation] (percentage of GDP) PINV t-1= Past private investment (percentage of GDP) As discussed above, ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²1, ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²3, ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²5, ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²6 and ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²7 are positive coefficients where as ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²2, ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²4 tend to be negative ones. 3.2.4 Analysis Techniques. The technique of analysis used will be based on an Ordinary Least Squares regression where various tests will be carried out. OLS is often used as an optimal estimator for estimating the unknown parameters in a linear regression model. With this technique we can draw reliable conclusions about the relationship that exists between the variables in the model. Linked to the OLS analysis, the underlying time series will face the subsequent tests namely, the tests of stationarity, multicollinearity, autocorrelation, cointegration and Error Correction Model which will be later explained in detail. 3.3 Methodology of the rest of the analysis 3.3.1 Description of the analysis This analysis is not only limited to the use of the econometric method but also to a wide range of different techniques. Moreover, there has the use of formative and summative evaluation. Formative evaluations fortify or enhance the point being examined they evaluate the whole system, the qualitative aspect of the implementation, perform complete evaluation of the factor inputs, procedures and managerial aspect of the product. Summative evaluations, on the other hand, evaluate the impact or the result of some objects they review the whole system by analysing whether the object may have caused this result, finding out the net impact of the underlying factor not only for the short-run target outcomes, and calculating the relative costs arising from the object. Formative evaluation consists of numerous evaluation types: Requires assessment examining the current system, estimating the level of the needs and what can be carried out to overcome the need Assessment evaluation the feasibility of an evaluation and how its usefulness can be enhanced. Concept Structure- defining step by step process of the program and the possible outcomes Functioning Assessment supervise the reliability of the program delivered. Process evaluation inspect the development of the program, together with substitute delivery procedures. Summative Evaluation consists of the following: Result assessment Check if the program demonstrated significant effects on the particular defined target results Impact assessment Broad assessment of the overall or net effects of the program as a whole. Cost-Efficiency and Cost-Benefit analysis measures efficiency by linking outcomes to the dollar costs and values. Secondary evaluation reassessment of the current data to solve new questions or using techniques not utilize before. Meta-analysis combines the results from various studies to come to a final overall summary conclusion on an evaluation query. In work ing out this project, data has mainly been collected from reports from different institutions, pieces of legislations, case studies, official statistics, surveys and interviews. We have made use of various techniques to evaluate the offshore sector of Mauritius namely econometric regression, charts, tables, cross-section analysis and cost-benefit analysis. Methodology of the analysis is explained as follows: DTT and Mauritius: In this section, based on the researches carried out, which were mentioned in the literature review, Mauritius offshore sector was evaluated to see whether it was in line with the theoretical study. A thorough evaluation of the FDI is made by examining the effect of pre and post DTT on FDI classified according to country of origin and examining the major investments by these countries in Mauritius. Contribution of the offshore sector in the local economy The link that exists between the offshore sector and the economy can be studied by considering the contribution of the financial services to GDP. Data was collected from the Central Statistical Office (CSO) and was evaluated throughout the period. Types of companies operating in the offshore sector of Mauritius Each type of company operating in the offshore sector of Mauritius has different specification and is being used in a distinct way to a particular purpose. A study was carried out to point out the importance and difference of the Global Business category 1 (GBC1) and Global Business category 2 (GBC2), which are the two most important types of offshore sector companies in Mauritius. A comparison with other offshore jurisdictions such as Seychelles, Hong Kong and Dubai is carried out. DTT and relationship between India and Mauritius First, an assessment of the current situation was carried out to identify all the issues involved in the Indo-Mauritian double taxation treaty. Second, the reasons why Mauritius has become the preferred route to invest in India were explored. Third, India has passed the Direct Tax Code (DTC) bill, an attempt to remedy this situation. An evaluation of the proposed remedy was carried out pointing out the impact and the loopholes it has. Fourth, the case study of Vodafone and Indian Premier League was carried out to show how the double tax treaty works in real life situation. Mauritius offers gateway to Africa Asia Trade In this section, the rising interest of India and China to invest massively in Africa is highlighted and how Mauritius can be used to act as a middleman in helping the investment to take place smoothly is being evaluated. The evaluation illustrates how Mauritius is quickly transforming into a key centre for offshore banking mostly in Africa. Conclusion This chapter is an important step in assessing the impact of the tax regime on the Mauritian investments. The findings derived from the above OLS regressions will help to determine the significant factors attracting investment in Mauritius. Moreover, the offshore sector has been evaluated in every aspect particularly its current position to act as a gateway to Asia Africa trade and also as the jurisdiction that provides the route to Indian Investors to evade capital gains tax.

Junk Food Should Be Banned In Schools - 774 Words

Another controversial debate has arisen recently and the topic is whether or not junk food should be banned in schools. One side believes that students have the freedom to choose whatever they what to eat. While the other side argues that junk food needs to be replaced by a healthier alternative. There are plenty of different arguments that these sides believes in. For the concern of the health and wellness of the students, schools must completely ban all junk food in school. It has been implied by a number of news sources and other people that school junk food bans are not effective. But this is clearly not the case. In a study conducted by Harvard Universtiy, children gained less weight from fifth to eighth grade if they lived in states†¦show more content†¦The overly processed fatty/sugary foods do not contain much fibers, which are important for healthy bowel movement. From the lack of fibers gastrointestinal problems such as constipation, irritable bowel syndrome and ga stritis can occur. Junk food can pose deadly threats to children if they are continued to be sold, especially a diet of junk food will deter a child’s growth development. Schools need to set a good example for nutritious eating for students in order to decrease these risks. Thirdly, the consumption of junk food can cause mental health problems which can lead to the reduction of student school performances. A poor diet definitely impacts a person’s mental state in negative way. In fact, the risk of depression increased 80% when you compare teens with a low-quality diet to those with a high quality diet. The risk of attention-deficit disorder aso increases by 50% (Miller). A good nutritious diet is crucial for brain development. If you eat food that nourishes you then it becomes protein-building blocks, enzymes, brain tissue, and neurotransmitters that transfer information and signals between various parts of the brain and body. Certain dietary patterns are linked to cha nges in proteins in the brain which increase connections between brain cell. A diet containing omega-3s and zinc boosts levels of that substance while a diet of saturated fat and sugars has a very potent negative impacts on brain proteins. A proper diet can fill your body with healthyShow MoreRelatedShould Junk Food Be Banned in Schools1647 Words   |  7 Pages06 4 May 2013 Should Junk Food Be Banned in schools? My aunt, who has been in New York City for more than 20 years, told me that in the past, she always made her two sons’ lunches to take to school during school years which was more nutritive and less expensive. Her sons at that time were energetic and played outside a lot. But soon after, they did not bring their own lunches anymore. They asked for money from my aunt to purchase food in school canteens. Possibly my aunt thoughtRead MoreShould Junk Food Be Banned at School1699 Words   |  7 PagesShould junk food be allowed at school? Junk food is generally defined as â€Å"a diet high in processed foods and soft drinks† (Wiles et al., 2009, p.1). By definition, junk food contains artificial food colorings and preservatives, including fast food, oily foods, snacks and high sugary beverage. Students usually eat snacks between meals. According to McPhail et al. (2011), the snacking habit among students has increased in the past twenty years. This means students are taking more junk food in a higherRead MoreArgumentative Essay - Junk Food1617 Words   |  7 PagesShould the sale of junk food in school cafeterias be banned? In more traditional years, parents had to prepare packed lunch for their kids when going to school. However, in present times, most parents are already incapable of doing such things. This is because they lack the luxury of time with the hectic schedules that they have. Parents tend to just give money to their children to purchase what they need. Given this kind of situation, students are exposed to a variety of options and they areRead MoreThe Importance Of Junk Food In Schools771 Words   |  4 PagesWhy â€Å"Junk Food† should stay in school It’s been said in multiple states across America that the junk food sold in schools is causing many problems. Problems such as unhealthy habits, affecting the brain, and childhood obesity. The government and many school districts have done multiple things to reduce/stop the problem. They have done research dealing with the junk food and tried banning junk food, which many school districts did not continue with. Junk food should not be banned in schools becauseRead MoreJunk Food872 Words   |  4 PagesJunk food has been getting a bad rap recently in society. It is believed that junk food is a leading factor in childhood obesity and should not be allowed in public schools. Due to this many school systems have enacted bans, or strict regulations that limit or completely exclude junk food in schools. Junk food should not be banned in schools because schools profit and are able to fund education and extracurricular activities through selling it, junk food isn’t as harmfu l as one would think, and evenRead MoreJunk Food in Schools1480 Words   |  6 Pages TAL 201 May 6, 2013 Current Issues Paper Junk Food In Schools Introduction Although not easy to admit, it is a fact that a big percentage of the world’s population today likes junk food. Many people have become accustomed to eating foods with high levels of refined sugars, processed grains, and a number of other unhealthy ingredients (Trice, 2010). Essentially, companies have replaced nature’s own ingredients with highly processed products and chemicals to reduce costs, extend shelf lifeRead MoreEssay On Junk Food935 Words   |  4 Pages Ban of Junk Foods Candy, chips, juice, and fries! Our favorite foods being snatched from our eyes. The topic of whether junk food should be banned or not in schools is becoming more controversial throughout the country. The government has enforced healthy nutritious meals for kids worldwide due to the rapid spread of child obesity. Junk food should not be banned in schools because junk food is not considered the number one cause of obesity, it can help build the school financially and studentsRead MoreFood Stamps and Junk Food822 Words   |  3 PagesWhat do you mostly spend your money on? Thesis: Mostly everyone spends their money on junk food and clothes. Most teenagers that are attending high school have jobs. Like I said most teens! They are either working because they believe that having their own money will prevent them from asking their parents for any type of financial help for anything. Most teens start work at fast-foods places, shoe stores and retail jobs. Once they get that bi-weekly check my question to you is what do you spendRead MoreEssay On Junk Food In Schools1222 Words   |  5 Pages90 percent of school lunches refrain from serving fresh foods (â€Å"The Real Problem with Lunch†). School lunches are no longer prepared from scratch easily now entrusted to highly processed foods. Clearly, one-third of American children’s diet consists of fast food (â€Å"The Real Problem with Lunch†). Junk foods in schools have become a profound issue in many states of the US. Laws have been formulated to forbid unwholesome meals by expelling or reducing the accessibility of related foods held by the institutesRe ad MorePros And Cons Of Junk Food801 Words   |  4 PagesRelease the ban! There should not be a reason why junk food is practically banned in the school systems today. The Government makes a huge amount of profit from people buying junk food for themselves and for their kids. Some people know how to control how much they eat and exercise to stay away from obesity. It is in the people’s control of what they can and cannot eat not the governments. The Government should release the junk food ban on school districts because, schools aren’t making money anymore

Philosophy as a Tool to Analyze the World Essay Example

Essays on Philosophy as a Tool to Analyze the World Essay The paper "Philosophy as a Tool to Analyze the World" is an excellent example of an essay on philosophy.  I take the popularity of existentialism as a sign that many people were casting off or at least questioning the dominant values of culture and society. I disagree that we must conclude that there are no objective values although I do agree with Sartre that the responsibility for deciding or decoding those values lies with the individual and must be discovered through a subjective process. If Sartre is right the burden of â€Å"creating our own essence† falls upon us whether we like it or not and requires taking responsibility for all our decisions. The implications of each person taking responsibility and defining themselves could be both positive and negative. On positive people could not avail themselves to an outside ideology in order to justify their actions. Whether the result of an action is pleasant or unpleasant it falls to the individual to at least take moral p ossession of their own actions. On the negative, some people may choose actions that are unpleasant or harmful to others. I think it is a mistake to say that existentialism would free people in a moral sense any more than people who simply choose to do harm under other philosophies. People are still morally responsible for themselves, and it would not prevent society from providing disincentives to harmful actions.I don’t know whether there are objective standards, but I do think there are some basic tenants that when followed make society better. Things like one should not cause harm for no reason. My intuition is that moral statements like these are eternal, but to some extent, these must rely on ideas like reciprocity. Beliefs and knowledge are the tools, boundaries and set goals for us as we navigate the world. In the end, I think philosophy should be viewed as a tool to analyze the world. Regardless of what philosophy says, the method behind the conclusions can be useful even I disagree with the conclusion.

The Marketing of Honda Motorcycles in the USA Free Essays

The American Honda Motor Company was established as a subsidiary by Honda in 1959. During the 1960’s the type of motorcycles brought by Americans underwent a major change. Motorcycle registrations increased by over 800,000 in five years from 1960. We will write a custom essay sample on The Marketing of Honda Motorcycles in the USA or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the early 60’s the major competitors were Haley – Davidson of U. S. A, BSA, Triumph and Norton of the UK and Motto – Guzzi of Italy. Harley-Davidson had the largest market share with sales in 1959 totalling a6. 6 million dollars. Many of the motorcycles produced were large and bulky and this led to the image f the motorcycle rider as being one who wore a leather jacket and went The Boston Consulting Group ( BCG ) report was initiated by the British government to study the decline in British motorcycle companies around the world, especially in the USA where sales had dropped from 49% in 1959 to 9% in 1973. The two key factors the report identified was the market share loss and profitability declines an the scale economy disadvantages in technology, distribution, and manufacturing. The BCG report showed that success of the Japanese manufacturers started with the growth of their own domestic markets. The high production for omestic demand led to Honda experiencing economies of scale as the cost of producing motorbikes declined with the level of output. This provided Honda to achieve a highly competitive cost position which they used to penetrate into the US market. † The basic philosophy of the Japanese manufacture is that high volumes per model provide the potential for high productivity as a result of using capital intensive and highly automated techniques. Their marketing strategies are therefore directed towards developing these high model volumes, hence the careful attention that we have observed them giving to growth and market The report goes on to show how Honda built up engineering competencies through the innovation of Mr Honda. The company also moved away from other companies who relied upon distributors to sell their bikes when the company set up its headquarters in the west coast of America. The BCG found that the motorcycles available before Honda entered the market were for limited group of people such as the police, army etc. But Honda had a â€Å"policy of selling, not primarily to confirmed motorcyclists but rather to members of the general public who had never before given a second thought to a motorcycle†( SP p. 16 ). The small, lightweight Honda Supercub sold at under 250 dollars compared to the bigger American or British machines which were retailing at around 1000 to 1500 dollars. In 1960 Honda’s research team comprised of around 700 designer and engineer staff compared to the 100 or so employed by their competitors showing the value which the company placed on innovation. Production per man-year was 159 units in 1962, a figure not reached by Harley-Davidson Honda was following a strategy of developing region by region. Over a period of four to five years they moved from the west coast of America o the east coast. The report showed the emphasis which Honda paid to advertising when the company spent heavily on the advertising theme † you meet the nicest people on a Honda† thereby disassociating themselves from the rowdy, hell’s angels type of people. Essentially the BCG is portraying Honda as a firm dedicated to being a low cost producer, utilising its dominant position in Japan to force entry into the U. S market, redefining that market by putting up the nicest people image and exploiting its comparative advantage via Pascale tends to disagree on many points of the BCG report. The report uggests that there was a smooth entry into the U. S market which led to an instant success. Pascale argues that Honda entered the American market at the end of the motorcycle trade season showing their impotence to carry out research in the new market. As they entered the market at the wrong time sales were not as good as they should have been and any success was not going to be instantaneous. Pascale also criticises the assumption that Honda was superior to other competitors in productivity. He says that Honda was successful in Japan with productivity but circumstances indicate that the company was not superior. The lack of funding from the ministry of finance and the ploughing back of profits into inventory meant they had a tight budget to follow. The BCG report shows that Honda had a smooth policy of developing region by region, moving from the west to the east. Pascale response is that this is partly true but reminds that Hondas advertising was still in Los Angeles in 1963, four years after setting up their subsidiary. The report to the British government showed that Honda had a deliberate strategy of disassociating themselves from the hells angels type of people by following the nicest people advertisement policy. Pascale shows that this was not an intentional move since there were disputes within the company with the director of sales eventually persuading to management against their better judgement. The BCG report found Honda pushed into the U. S market with small lightweight motorbikes. However Pascale says this is again not true. He argues the intended strategy was one of promoting the larger 250cc and 350cc as Honda felt that this was what the market wanted since Americans liked all things large. The bikes were unreliable which led to the promotion of the supercubs. These bikes salvaged the reputation of the company. An dea which hardly came from an inspired idea but one of desperation. Overall Pascale gives the impression that it was through an incidental sequence of events which led to Honda gaining a strong hold in the U. S market, mainly through the unexpected discovery of a large untapped segment of the market while at the same time trying to retain the The criticism made by Pascale can be further analysed by looking at the The strengths of Honda start with the roles which the founders played. Honda was an inventive genius with a large ego and a volatile temperament. His main concerns were not about the profitability of the ompany or its products, but rather to show his innovative ability by producing better engines. Fujisawa on the other hand thought about the financial section of the company and how to market the ideas. He often challenged Honda to come up with better engines. By specialising in their own abilities the two of them were able to pool together resources Another strength was the way the company utilised its market position. Strengths in design advantages and production methods meant they were able to increases sales in Japan even though there was no organisation within the company. Once there was a large enough demand for its products, mainly the supercub, Honda both in Japan and in America, moved from a sale on consignment basis to one that required cash on delivery. This seemed a very risky decision to make at the time but within three years they had changed the pattern within the motorcycle industry by shifting the power relationship from the dealer to the manufacturer. Mr Honda had cultivated a â€Å"success against all odds† culture into the company. This was tested when he sent two executives to the U. S with no strategy other than to see if they could sell something. The weaknesses within an organisation can become irrelevant if the strategy is strong and there is good leadership. An element of luck also helped Honda follow an emerging strategy. Restrictions placed on funds by the government for the U. S venture forced Honda to take an alternative route. If they had all the funds necessary they may well have gone through the normal distribution Honda entered the us market right at the end of the motorcycle trade season. When leaking oil and clutch problems occurred on their bikes it did not affect Honda as hard as it would have had they entered in the beginning of the season. Also people noticing the Supercubs led the company to produce a bike which was not at first supported by senior The success of Honda was not the result of senior management coming up with all the answers. In fact senior executives in most Japanese manufacturing companies do not take their strategic positions too seriously. Salesman, cleaners and those working on the manufacturing floor all contribute to the company is run and thereby influence its strategic position. It is this ability of an organisation to move ideas from the tom to the bottom and back again in continuos dialogue that the As a conclusion it is necessary to consider the theoretical side of Hondas strategy and see whether the company was in fact following a model. The first model is the Andrew’s model. Andrew came up with the idea that there were two stages to corporate strategy, formulation and implementation. Formulation involved looking at the market, competitors and resources and formulating a corporate strategy which would be implemented throughout each process of the organisational structure. This model was also supported by Porter. This is how the BCG saw Honda, as a corporation, who had looked at the market, formulated a strategy to ope with the environment and competition pressures and implemented it, making all Hondas plans and activities deliberate. The second model known as the emergent strategy portrays a different image to the Andrews model and shows how Pascale viewed Honda. The model shows a realised strategy made up from a an intended strategy together with an emergent strategy which is not planned but emerges in relation to activities within the environment. Pascale seemed to think that in Hondas case a substantial proportion or the companies corporate strategy was emergent and less was actually intended strategy. How to cite The Marketing of Honda Motorcycles in the USA, Essay examples